//[snippet:Implementation]
open System
open System.Collections.Generic
open FSharp.Quotations
open FSharp.Quotations.Patterns
open FSharp.Quotations.DerivedPatterns
open FSharp.Quotations.ExprShape
open TypeShape

type CompiledExpr<'T> = Environment -> 'T

and Environment private (index : Map<Var, obj ref>) =
    new () = new Environment(Map.empty)
    member __.NewVar(v : Var, value : obj) = new Environment(Map.add v (ref value) index)
    member __.GetVar(v : Var) = index.[v].Value
    member __.UpdateVar(v : Var, value : obj) = index.[v] := value


let rec meaning<'T> (expr : Expr<'T>) : CompiledExpr<'T> =
    let EQ(f : CompiledExpr<'a>) = unbox<CompiledExpr<'T>> f
    let cast (e : Expr) = Expr.Cast<_> e

    match expr with
    | Value(:? 'T as t, _) -> fun _ -> t
    | Var var -> fun env -> env.GetVar var :?> 'T
    | Application(func, arg) ->
        let argShape = TypeShape.Create arg.Type
        argShape.Accept { new ITypeShapeVisitor<CompiledExpr<'T>> with
            member __.Visit<'Arg>() =
                let cfunc = meaning<'Arg -> 'T> (cast func)
                let carg = meaning<'Arg> (cast arg)
                EQ(fun env -> (cfunc env) (carg env)) }

    | Lambda(var, body) ->
        match shapeof<'T> with
        | Shape.FSharpFunc s ->
            s.Accept { new IFSharpFuncVisitor<CompiledExpr<'T>> with
                member __.Visit<'Dom, 'Cod> () = 
                    let cbody = meaning<'Cod> (cast body)
                    EQ(fun env (v : 'Dom) -> let env' = env.NewVar(var, v) in cbody env') }

        | _ -> failwith "internal error"

    | Let(var, bind, cont) ->
        let vShape = TypeShape.Create var.Type
        vShape.Accept { new ITypeShapeVisitor<CompiledExpr<'T>> with
            member __.Visit<'Var>() = 
                let cbind = meaning<'Var> (cast bind)
                let ccont = meaning<'T> (cast cont)
                fun env -> 
                    let v = cbind env
                    let env' = env.NewVar(var, v)
                    ccont env'
                |> EQ }

    | IfThenElse(cond, left, right) ->
        let ccond = meaning<bool> (cast cond)
        let cleft = meaning<'T> (cast left)
        let cright = meaning<'T> (cast right)
        fun env -> if ccond env then cleft env else cright env

    | Sequential(left, right) when left.Type = typeof<unit> ->
        let cleft = meaning<unit> (cast left)
        let cright = meaning<'T> (cast right)
        fun env -> cleft env ; cright env

    | SpecificCall <@ (+) @> (None, _, [left; right]) when typeof<'T> = typeof<int> ->
        let cleft = meaning<int> (cast left)
        let cright = meaning<int> (cast right)
        EQ(fun env -> cleft env + cright env)

    | SpecificCall <@ (-) @> (None, _, [left; right]) when typeof<'T> = typeof<int> ->
        let cleft = meaning<int> (cast left)
        let cright = meaning<int> (cast right)
        EQ(fun env -> cleft env - cright env)

    | SpecificCall <@ (*) @> (None, _, [left; right]) when typeof<'T> = typeof<int> ->
        let cleft = meaning<int> (cast left)
        let cright = meaning<int> (cast right)
        EQ(fun env -> cleft env * cright env)

    | SpecificCall <@ (=) @> (None, _, [left; right]) ->
        match TypeShape.Create left.Type with
        | Shape.Equality s ->
            s.Accept { new IEqualityVisitor<CompiledExpr<'T>> with
                member __.Visit<'a when 'a : equality>() =
                    let cleft = meaning<'a> (cast left)
                    let cright = meaning<'a> (cast right)
                    EQ(fun env -> cleft env = cright env) }

        | _ -> failwith "internal error"

    | SpecificCall <@ not @> (None, _, [pred]) ->
        let cleft = meaning<bool> (cast pred)
        EQ(not << cleft)

    | LetRecursive([(fvar, body)], cont) ->
        let fshape = TypeShape.Create fvar.Type
        fshape.Accept { new ITypeShapeVisitor<CompiledExpr<'T>> with
            member __.Visit<'Func>() =
                let cbody = meaning<'Func> (cast body)
                let ccont = meaning<'T> (cast cont)
                EQ(fun env -> 
                    let env' = env.NewVar(fvar, null)
                    env'.UpdateVar(fvar, cbody env')
                    ccont env') }

    | _ -> failwithf "Unsupported expression %A" expr


let compile (e : Expr<'T>) : unit -> 'T = 
    let c = meaning e
    fun () -> c (Environment())

let run (e : Expr<'T>) : 'T = 
    compile e ()

//[/snippet]
//[snippet:Samples]

let factorial =
    run <@ 
            let rec factorial n = 
                if n = 0 then 1 
                else n * factorial (n - 1)

            factorial
        @>

[for i in 1 .. 10 -> factorial i]

let fib =
    run <@
            let rec fib n =
                match n with
                | 0 | 1 -> n
                | _ -> fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)

            fib
        @>

[for i in 1 .. 10 -> fib i]

//[/snippet]